In bryophytes, the neck of archegonium is with 5 to 6 neck canal cells. In many species, they are protected by an umbrellalike cover called the indusium. Bryophytes vs pteridophytes similarities and difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes bryophytes are most primitive land plants predominantly grow in moist and shaded places. These organs possess well differentiated vascular tissues.
The sporophyte of bryophytes is called sporogonium which generally consists of a single, terminal sporangium monosporangiate with a bulbous foot and with or without an unbranched stalk or seta. The current trends in the subject are explained in a simple, lucid and understandablewriting style. The vascular tissue is confined to the central region of the stem forming the. Pteridophytes ferns and lycophytes are freesporing vascular plants that have a life cycle with alternating, freeliving gametophyte and sporophyte phases that are independent at maturity. Sporophytic plant body the main independent plant body is sporophyte. Pteridophytes or pteridophyta are vascular plants plants with xylem and phloem that reproduce and disperse via spores. However, they do not form a monophyletic group because ferns are more closely related to seed plants than to lycophytes. Apr 30, 2016 they are both land plants embryophytes, with all the features that come with that. Some pteridophytes are aquatic and some are epiphytes. Because they produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are referred to as cryptogams. Lycopsida lycopodium, selagnella, sphenopsida equisetum, psilopsida psilotum, and filicopsida ferns bryophytes vs pteridophytes. Pteridophyta in the broad interpretation of the term are vascular plants that reproduce via spores. Roots are provided with permanent growing point and can grow in length indefinitely. Pteridophyta characteristics, life cycle, classification.
The dominant phase in bryophyte is gametophyte while the dominant phase in pteridophyte is sporophyte. It develops from the zygote produced when a haploid egg cell is fertilized by a haploid sperm and each sporophyte cell therefore has a double set of chromosomes, one set from each parent. Examples of pteridophytes include ferns, horsetails, clubmosses, spikemosses and quillworts. The reasons for the predominance of the sporophyte in the life cycle are not far to seek. There are two theories regarding evolution of bryophytes. Pteridophytes are seedless and they procreate through spores. They dont have conducting tissues for transportation of water and minerals.
All land plants, and most multicellular algae, have life cycles in which a multicellular. The sporophyte of pteridophyta possesses welldeveloped vascular tissue consisting of both xylem and phloem. The pteridophytes are an economically important group of plants. Nevertheless the sporophyte is the predominant generation. Sori occur on the sporophyte generation, the sporangia within producing haploid meiospores. Pteridophytes introduction, authors and addresses, systematic list, glossary, and key to tribes. Evolution of bryophytes according to these theories the evolution in bryophytes is as follows. Oct 10, 2017 key difference bryophytes vs pteridophytes vs gymnosperms. Classification of pteridophytes for a long time the division pteridophyta includedthe ferns, lycopods and horsetails. The alternation of generations allows a haploid gametophyte to mature into a diploid sporophyte.
The sporangia develop either on the ventral surface of leaves as in. The appearance of true water and foodconducting tissues in pteridophytes represented an event of enormous consequences for the evolution of land plant sporophyte. Read the introductory remarks and list of characteristics of the bryophytes p. The different species of selaginella are grown as the garden plants. It consists of a more or less dorsi ventral leafy shoot fig. In bryophytes, antheridium is stacked while in pteridophytes, it is sessile. Spores developed in sporangia are homosporous or heterosporous. Some pteridophytes are aquatic marselia, azolla and some are epiphytes ophioglossum pendulum. Pteridophytes are the most advanced seedless group true leaves with branched veins sporophyte is dominant. Heterosporous megaspores important in species identifications and gametophyte development is endosporic.
The pteridophytes occupy an intermediate position between the bryophytes and gymnosperms. The evolution and diversification of epiphytic ferns pdf phd thesis. Spermatophyte vs pteridophyte whats the difference. At the top of the stalk is the capsule or sporangium which may be covered by a. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial plants and thrive well in abundant moisture and shade while some flourish well in open, dry situations especially in xeric conditions. In this respect pteridophytes are totally different from bryophytes.
Sporophyte evolution one of the most important innovations of early bryophytes was a multicellular sporophyte fig. Bryophyte vs pteridophyte difference and comparison diffen. A few pteridophytes are aquatic while still others are epiphytes. Types of stele and its evolution in pteridophytes duration. Reproductive biology of pteridophytes springerlink. Origin and evolution of sporophyte in bryophytes ch09 life sciences, botany, zoology, bioscience. The bryophytes includes three groups of plants such as liverworts, hornworts and mosses.
Evolution of sporophytes and gametophytes in bryophytes. The fertilized egg grows by the formation of additional cells. A pteridophyte is a vascular plant with xylem and phloem that disperses spores. They are psilopsida, psilotopsida, lycopsida, sphenopsida, pteropsida and progymnospermopsida. Sporophyte is the dominant plant body while gametophyte is a small, simple prothallus. The sporophyte is the conspicuous and familiar plant body. As with all plants, in pteridophytes, meiosis is sporic, meaning that cells of the sporophyte undergo meiosis and generate spores that then develop into the gametophyte via mitosis. They are preserved in the form of fossils or coal deposits. The cells in the plant body of pteridophytes are diploid. First, meiosis must be delayed in the zygote, which, as you recall, is. A sporophyte develops from an egg, held within a flasklike archegonium, that has been fertilized and theres more about that process in the sexual reproduction page. The plant body represents the sporophyte and is differentiated into root,stem,and leaves.
The sporophyte of birds nest fern asplenium nidus, showing broad leaves with linear. Like the sporophytes of seed plants, those of ferns consist of stems, leaves. This pdf version does not have an isbn or issn and is not therefore effectively published melbourne code, art. A pteridophyte is a vascular plant that disperses spores. The conspicuous plant is the sporophyte or nonsexual generation. Difference between bryophytes pteridophytes and gymnosperms. There is a regular feature of alternation of generations. Engler 1886 suggested the term embryophyta to include bryophytes, pteridophytes, and spermatophytes.
In bryophytes, sporophyte and gametophyte are connected with each other physically. It is the dominant generation and what we recongnize as ferns, clubmosses, et cetera. In terms of duration in the life cycle the gametophyte is insignificant. Pteridophyta in the broad interpretation of the term are. Bryophytes and seedless vascular plants except ferns. The sporophyte 1 produces a terminal strobilus of sporangiophores 2. Jan 23, 2017 some pteridophytes are aquatic marselia, azolla and some are epiphytes ophioglossum pendulum. Pteridophyta is designed to fulfill the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students of botany. They are both land plants embryophytes, with all the features that come with that.
Structure c is the basic cellular unit of the nervous system b. The sporogonium is very delicate, shortlived and nutritionally dependent on its gametophyte. A sporophyte develops from an egg, held within a flasklike archegonium, that has been fertilized and theres more about that process in the sexual reproduction page the fertilized egg grows by. Pdf difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes. The vegetative plant body is a sporophyte in pteridophytes. Pteridophyta is thus no longer a widely accepted taxon, but the term pteridophyte remains in common parla. Sphenophyta, pterophyta from biol 9 at the university of hong kong. It is noteworthy that some authors raised the theoretical possibility that bryophytes derived from basal pteridophytes as a simplified form of their more complicate sporophyte structure. The physiological resilience of fern sporophytes and gametophytes. Pteridophyta sporophytes always start their life from an embryo located on the gametophyte. Classification of pteridophyta linkedin slideshare. Though most pteridophytes are homosporus producing spores of the same size and of no particular gender, some species are heterosporus which means they produce spores of different sizes and. As nouns the difference between spermatophyte and pteridophyte is that spermatophyte is botany any plant that bears seeds rather than spores while pteridophyte is any plant of the division pteridophyta, of simple vascular plants that reproduce via spores rather than seeds and that alternate generations of diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte or prothallus forms, the diploid.
Bryophytes have no true roots while pteridophyte have true roots. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial and grow in moist and shady places while some flourish well in open, dry places especially in xeric conditions. For example, for dna replication, i could stand beside a copy machine and hold up two identical sheets of paper. Publication date 1962 topics pteridophyta, botany morphology publisher.
First, meiosis must be delayed in the zygote, which, as you recall, is retained on the parent gametophyte in land plant ancestors. The cells in the plant body of bryophytes are haploid. Bryophytes are known as the amphibians of plant kingdom since water is essential for the completion of their life cycle. A concept based exclusive material pteridophytes, gymnosperms. A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns pdf. Furthermore, in hymenophyllous ferns, the sporophyte is. Key difference bryophytes vs pteridophytes vs gymnosperms. Difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes plant.
Which of the following statements best describes the role of structure c in the nervous system. Pine seeds contain an embryo sporophyte, stored food in the form of megagametophyte tissue, and a seed coat. The sporophyte of the pteridophyte produces spores inside the sporangia after meiosis. Following syngamy 8, the embryonic sporophyte 9 emerges from the archaegonium. Origin and evolution of sporophyte in bryophytes youtube. A few pteridophytes are aquatic while still others are. Difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes difference wiki. The pteridophytes are found in cool, damp, shady places though some may flourish well in sandy soil conditions. On the basis of their anatomy jeffrey in 1902 divided the vascular plants into two types or stocks. What is one evolutionary advantage pteridophytes have over. Plants are differentiated into true roots, stem and leaves. Examine a living or preserved specimen of a moss sporophyte 2n. Pteridophytes differ from bryophytes in that the sporophyte is branched and generally much larger and more conspicuous, and from seed plants in. The photosynthesis is restricted to leaves which are provided.
The printed version, however, was effectively published on 6 june 20. International research botany group 2017 international botany project international research botany group international botany project non profit research institute research service botanical team recycled paper free for members of international equisetological association. The kingdom plantae is one of the most widespread kingdoms with over 300,000 different species. Spores develop in sporangia are homosporous or heterosporous. Difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes plant kingdom. Two simple steps can account for the evolution of this new structure. It is often overlooked that pteridophytes ferns encompass at least 10,000 species making them the most diverse lineage next to angiosperms.
In pteridophytes, the main plant body is a sporophyte which is differentiated into true root, stem and leaves. A fern polypodiopsida or polypodiophyta is a member of a group of vascular plants that. Pteridophyta, ferns and allies, have approximately 12000 species and six classes. Ferns, horsetails, and lycophytes are all pteridophytes. Sporophyte is differentiated into stem, leaves and roots. Pteridophyta are mainly terrestrial forms but a few are aquatic also,e. Occurrence and evolution of pteridophytes biology boom. In xylem, trachea vessels absent and, in phloem companion cells absent. The body of the sporophyte is well differentiated into roots, stem and leaves. At the time of sporogenesis the reduction division takes place and the haploid spores are formed which represent the first stage of the gametophyte generation. Fertilization of one egg is suff icient to trigger the development of a seed. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. An appraisal and conservation strategies for the pteridophytes of.
Note the very long stalk or seta and bulbous foot which anchors the sporophyte into the gametophyte tissue. Gymnosperm, angiosperm, sporophyte, gametophyte, bryophyte. Some of the characters of pteridophytes are as follows. Chapter 22 bryophytes university of california, davis. Sporangia are produced in groups sori on sporophylls. In the bryophytes, these units are the mosses, hepatics, and anthocerotes. Given the basal position of these plants in embryophyte phylogeny, 24, 27 to consider this sporophyte less complex than those of pteridophytes is an oversimplification. Which is larger in pteridophytes, the sporophyte or the gametophyte. The evolution of the species under the plant kingdom is based on their adaptability to terrestrial environments. In pteridophytes, gametes are produced via mitosis from special cells of the gametophyte. Spore tetrads mature with attached elater tissue 34. In pteridophytes, sporophyte and gametophyte are separated from each other.
Useful notes on alternation of generations of pteridophytes. The sporophyte is much larger and longer lived than the gametophyte. The function of the seed is to protect and disperse the next generation away from the parent plant, in both space and time. Instead, the water and minerals flow from the surface of the plant cell to cell in the plants body. Plants are eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic organisms that are capable of photosynthesizing. Diversification of form occurs at each organizational level, producing distinct morphological units. Later on fertilization takes place and a zygote is produced which. International research botany group 2017 international. Other pteridophytes hold their spores along their stems or on nongreen areas known as sporophylls. The modern classification of pteridophytes have been suggested by many scientist according to the sporne1975 pteridophytes have been classified into six classes. Tippo 1942 considered tracheophyta to include pteridophytes and spermatophytes. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as cryptogams, meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden. If i cant get an actual picture of the term, then i need to do something like that for these as well. Mar 23, 2018 the pteridophytes are an economically important group of plants.
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